Twentith-century british history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Twentith-century british history - Essay Example In addition, Great Britain saw its popular culture change a great deal, as musical acts like the Beatles helped to share the British culture with the rest of the world. Unfortunately, it is this popular culture movement that makes it very difficult to distinguish between American culture and British culture during this time period. In fact, even though this pop culture movement is sometimes referred to as the British Invasion, it could also be seen as the Americanization of British culture. Overall, the 1960s should be remembered as a time that brought about great political change in Great Britain because the people began to see that left wing political ideologies were not necessarily associated with communism and a time where the people began to stand up against the establishment for the greater good of democracy. In 1964, the Labour Party took power in Great Britain, which is significant because it was the first time a leftist government had power in the country. This was a significant change in the political culture of Great Britain because up until this point, the country had been exclusively left wing. As the United States carried on the Cold War with the Soviet Union, all of the United States’ allies were forced to exclude these left of centre ideologies from their political spectrums. Electing the Labour Party was significant because it showed that Great Britain was evolving as a country and was open to new ideologies. It is also symbolic of the country’s more liberal stance on things like drug use, sex, and rock and roll, especially among the younger members of society. It also finalized the country’s desire to get away from its imperial past, as the Labour Party was decidedly anti-Imperialist. During this time period, the number of British citizens living in other countries declined significantly and this was the time period when the British empire finally came to an official end. This was

Ancient civilization Essay Example for Free

Ancient civilization Essay Ancient civilization was characterized with a culture that was rich in content, and embraced all aspects of human life. Religion for instance was so much emphasized as the basic support to human life. Assyrian winged protective deities were Egyptian religious figures. The chapel of Sekhem-ank-ptah is another unique aspect of history and has its weight on the wall hangings which had various writing inscribed on them. Lamassu, which is also known as lama is one of the Assyrian deities which had an obligation of protecting the people. This religious power existed between C883-613 in the Assyrian territory. The religious wall hangings found in the chapel of sekhen-ank-ptah has close similarity to Lama. All of them existed to in the ancient days with the wall hangings dating back to 2450 to 2350 BC. The region of existence of the wall hangings was however Sakkara in the late dynasty 5 (Tomasi, M. 2006). The two unique powers had varying representations. Lama was displayed as a large bull with horns and was always placed as a monument at the entrance of palaces. The gender of Lama was of the form of human males. Great artists always confirmed that the Assyrian deities with wings were actually apotropaic figures. Wall hangings on the other hands were made using thick papyrus which was obtained from swamps, lots of drawings were posted on the wall hangings and these drawings had various interpretations of divine nature. One similarity however is the material used to make them. All were made using sacred items. Lamassa represented a standing figure and served as a servant to a superior god. This meant that all visitors of the superior god were welcomed by the lame. Lama also had one great duty of protecting people against evil forces. The wall hangings on the other hands acted as a reminder of the baths to be taken in life. Some parts of the wall; hanging represented the process of giving offerings in church. The pictures had diagrams of animals in motion. Al these had interpretation. For example, the wall hanging on butchers at work and that showing plants in the field had an interpretation that the people were mainly farmers. Generosity in terms of giving food is also an output obtained form this diagram. The ancient Assyrian people believed in these symbols of deity and followed the beliefs carefully. Any violation of the precepts was believed to bring curses both then and the generation that followed

DNA Replication Body System

DNA Replication Body System Mahbubul Alam Introduction The ability of a cell to sustain in a disorderly atmosphere depends on the precise duplication of the wide variety of inherited information carried in its DNA. This duplication process, called DNA duplication or replication, must happen before a cell can generate two genetically similar daughter cells. Keeping it in a cell also needs the constant surveillance and repair of its inherited details, as DNA can be harmed by chemicals and rays from the planet, and by injuries and reactive substances that happen inside the cell. DNA Replication The genetic content in a cellular is known as in the series of the heterocyclic amines of DNA. There are normally 46 lengths of DNA known as chromosomes in individual tissues. Particular parts, known as bodys genes, on each chromosome contain the genetic details which elevates people from each other. The bodys genes also contain the known as details necessary for the functionality of protein and minerals necessary for the regular features of the tissues. DNA replication to human reproductive processes The replication of the DNA molecule, also known as doubling, or polymerization, of a genetic phenomenon that ensures the self-duplication of the information contained in the chromosomes, particularly in the genes. This process occurs during the S interface (phase of the cell cycle, preparing to enter the cell division), being necessary for maintenance of the individual organic, allowing the development of the organism (growth), the replacement of injured tissue (epithelial) or where possible regeneration and propagation of hereditary traits, allowing the gamete formation containing reliable information on the species. For the event this process are indispensable some events involving the strand of the DNA molecule. Initially the filament of the template (parent molecule), has its double-stranded (polynucleotide chain: phosphoric grouping, pentose deoxyribose and nitrogenous base) separated due the breaking of hydrogen bonds, held between complementary nitrogenous bases. Prior to cellular department, the DNA content in the unique cellular must be replicated so that after cellular department, each new cellular contains the complete amount of DNA content. The procedure of DNA replication is usually known as replication (Hejna, 2000). The replication is known as semi conservative since each new cellular contains one string of unique DNA and one recently produced string of DNA. The unique polynucleotide string of DNA works as a design to details the functionality of the new contrasting polynucleotide of DNA (Dickerson, 1983). DNA replication at cellular level After identifying the replication of DNA template, the next step was to investigate the process as follows. Each parental strand of DNA will serve as template for the formation of a new complementary strand (review complementarity rule of nitrogenous bases) using the free nucleotides of each cell in the nucleoplasm. The end result is two new identical double-stranded DNA molecules with each other, with an original chain and other complementary newly synthesized. DNA Mutation One of the qualities of the inherited content, as identified in the component on nucleic chemicals, is the capability to demonstrate difference over time. This residence was necessary to describe why people within an inhabitants are not all genetically similar, and to describe how creatures progress. Mutation is placed as a failing to shop inherited details consistently (PBS. 2001). Types of Mutations Somatic vs. Gametic Mutation The repercussions of a mutation rely on where in an personal they happen. Some Mutations happen in frequent body cells; these are somatic Mutations. For example, someone who stays too enough time suntanning might encounter a mutation in an epidermis cellular. The repercussions of such a mutation are sensed only by the person. The epidermis cellular may create some issue (such as cancer malignancy, perhaps) due to the mutation, but because the mutation took place only in an epidermis cellular, it would not be approved on to following years (Cook, 1999). Some Mutations happen in germline cells. These cells generate the gametes; therefore, they are gametic Mutations. In most situations, such Mutations wouldnt even be discovered by the person. After all, the gametes dont perform a popular part in the day-to-day operate of the person. These Mutations, as opposed to the somatic Mutations, will be approved on to the next creation, because they happen in the cells that generate the next creation (Cook, 1999). Spontaneous vs. Induced Mutation Some Mutations happen as natural mistakes in DNA duplication (or due to mysterious chemical type reactions); these are known as natural Mutations. The rates of such Mutations have been established for many types. E. coli has a natural mutation amount of 1/108 (one mistake in every 108 nucleotides replicated). People have an increased natural mutation rate: between 1/106 and 1/105 (probably due to the greater complexness of human replication) (Baker Bell, 1998). Random Reversible The reversibility of many Mutations should recommend to you that the procedure is unique. Mutations do not happen in reaction to an incitement. In other terms, bacteriado not mutate to become anti-biotic tolerant as a reaction to experience medications. Instead, out of all of the Mutations happening in inhabitants of bacteria, some (a little percentage) will cause anti-biotic level of resistance. If that anti-biotic is experienced, those microbe cells with that particular mutation will survive; the vast majority of the cells that do not have the mutation will die (Pray, 2008). Mutations can be undoable. If a mutation happens once in a gene, there is a very little possibility that the mutated platform could mutate again to its unique kind. On the other hand, there are events when a mutation in a second, individual gene will come again the phenotype of the patient to an outrageous kind overall look (an unusual situation of two errors creating a right). This form of mutation is known as a suppressor mutation (Pray, 2008). Effects of Mutation Mutations can impact people in several different methods. Among the repercussions of mutation are the following (Dickerson, 1983): Change in a morphological feature. This means an apparent alternation in some actual typical of a patient. Most of the mutant phenotypes we have seen in this course have been of this kind (for example, brief vegetation instead of tall). Healthy or biochemical difference. A mutation may happen in a gene that encodes a compound engaged in a metabolic road, such as a compound engaged in the biosynthesis of a protein. If this happens, the patient can no more synthesize the protein, and must acquire from nutritional resources. Impact Of Genes And Chromosomes On Inherited Characteristics And Traits Genes comprise of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the code, or outline, used to integrate a protein. Qualities fluctuate in size, contingent upon the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Every DNA particle is a long twofold helix that takes after a winding staircase containing a huge number of steps. The ventures of the staircase comprise of sets of four sorts of atoms called bases (nucleotides). In every step, the base adenine (An) is matched with the base thymine (T), or the base guanine (G) is combined with the base cytosine (C). Conclusion Because DNA duplication is so important to creatures, an excellent deal of attempt has been dedicated to knowing its procedure. The replication of E. coli DNA is probably best recognized and is the focus of interest in this area. The procedure in eucaryotic cells is believed to be identical, and hence the study of DNA has become such an important aspect in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. Through the study of DNA the agriculture sector is also being facilitated through the means of genetic mutation of seeds of various fruits, vegetables and grains (Johnson, 1993). Task # 2 Human Body System The Digestive System is made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After the food is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the throat and enters the stomach. It is further broken down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach the food travels into the small intestine. This is where your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter the bloodstream through tiny hair-like projections. The excess food that the body doesnt need or cant digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the body. The digestive system is a key component of everyday life due to the fact it handles all the intake of water and food sources. The Muscular System is comprised of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control development of the body. A few muscles like the ones in your arms and legs are willful, implying that you choose when to move them. Different muscles, in the same way as the ones in your stomach, heart, digestion tracts and different organs, are automatic. This implies that they are controlled consequently by the nervous system and hormones you regularly dont even understand theyre grinding away. Without the muscle system the body would be pretty much as motionless as ocean weed. There would more corpulence and a more quickly developing demise rate. The Nervous System is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most important systems in your body, the nervous system is your bodys control system. It sends, receives, and processes nerve impulses throughout the body. These nerve impulses tell your muscles and organs what to do and how to respond to the environment. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together: the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The most important part of the human body; plain and simple if you kill the head the body will follow. The Reproductive System allows humans to produce children. Sperm from the male fertilizes the females egg, or ovum, in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the fetus develops over a period of nine months. Most would think that it’s not important but with no reproductive organs the world would have been unpopulated long time ago. Physiological Processes of Organs Human physiology is a discipline that is focused on the study of the functions of the human body. It is an area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹biology, anatomy closely related. The study of human physiology is as old as the origins of Medicine. Many knowledge on this field have been acquired through the study of animal physiology, through experimentation on animals. he human body through its physiological processes has several mechanisms to control the conditions of the internal environment and state of the body. These mechanisms are responsible for maintaining body temperature, blood pressure, blood pH, ion concentration and adequate oxygen, among other important factors, being disturbed, would endanger the maintenance of homeostasis and normal functions of the body human. Skin The skin is the largest organ of the human body and, among other functions, is responsible for tact. It is through her that we perceive as heat and pain sensations.The skin has thousands of receptor cells on its surface. Tongue The tongue has receptors called taste buds, responsible for taste. The papillae are chemoreceptor, does that mean that they are specialized to detect the presence of chemicals. Knew the language has a unique and exclusive impression, similar to fingerprint? There are specialized taste buds in the perception of four basic flavors: sweet, bitter, sour and salty. Each type of papilla is located in a specific region of the tongue. The combination of these four types of stimuli receptors to the nervous system transmits information about, for example, the flavor of the foods you eat. Nose The nose is the organ that contains the receptors responsible for the smell. Within the nasal cavity, there is a specialized tissue, the olfactory epithelium, which contains thousands of receivers, called olfactory cells. Olfactory sensory cells possess by that pick or other volatile substances dispersed in inspired air molecules. In response to the presence of these molecules, olfactory cells produce nerve stimuli. These are conducted to the central nervous system where they are translated into sensations. Ears Ears healthy organs responsible for hearing and balance. Inside the ear are mecanorreceptoras cells. These cells capture mechanical stimuli, translating them into nerve impulses. The semicircular canals are also filled with fluid and having a plurality of hair receiving cells. As the head and the body move the liquid within the channels moves and presses the cilia of the sensory cells. These capture the stimulus and transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Eyes The photoreceptor cells have eyes, i.e. light stimuli capable of capturing, producing nerve stimuli transmitted to the central nervous system. These cells are located in the retina, a layer of lining of the eye, and are of two types: rods and cones. The rods are very sensitive to changes in light intensity, but not distinguish colors, which is performed by the cones. The bright rays penetrate the eye and pass through the pupil. The pupil is a structure capable of controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. Role of Organs of Special Sense in Homeostasis The human body is continuously bombarded by all kinds of stimuli. Some of these stimuli are received by sensory receptors distributed throughout the entire body. Other stimuli are received by highly complex receptor organs. These are referred to as the special senses. From each special sense organ, information is sent to the brain through specific cranial nerves. When the information reaches the specific area of the brains cerebral cortex, it is perceived at the conscious level as sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance. These special senses allow us to detect changes in our environment, providing information necessary for homeostasis. The role of internal and external environment is immense in the context of organs of special sense. Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms remain relatively constant it internally so that their chemical composition varies little. To do this, agencies should regulate the entry and exit of water, minerals and other substances. Aquatic unicellular organisms such as bacteria and many protozoans are in constant contact with water and this greatly facilitates this process. In multicellular organisms, however, only some cell surfaces are in contact with the external environment, while the internal cells are surrounded by an extracellular fluid that has a composition and characteristics different to those of the environment. The main function of osmoregulation is to maintain the chemical composition of the cell cytoplasm and internal fluids within the limits that can develop a kind. Thermoregulation Thermoregulation or temperature control is the ability of a biological organism to change its temperature, within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. The term is used to describe the processes that maintain the balance between gain and loss of heat . If one adds or removes a given amount of heat to an object, its temperature increases or decreases, respectively, in an amount that depends on theheat capacity in an environment specific. At steady state, the rate at which heat (produced thermogenesis ) is balanced by the rate at which heat is dissipated to the atmosphere ( thermolysis). If thermolysis imbalance thermogenesis and a change in the rate of heat storage body and consequently a change in the heat content of the body and at body temperature. Thermoregulatory or bodies homeotermos essentially maintain constant body temperature in a range of environmental conditions. Moreover, thetermoconformistas or poiquilotermos are organisms whose body temperature varies with the ambient conditions. According to the method of production of heat, organisms are classified in endotherms and ectotherms . The endotherms organisms control body temperature by internal heat production, and usually maintain that temperature above the ambient temperature. Ectotherms organisms depend, to regulate their body temperature, essentially a heat source (Lyman, 2012). In the case of human body temperature is approximately 37. More precisely, the average temperature in humans is 36.7 ºC, although it can vary from subject to subject, and 95% of subjects have a temperature between 36.3 and 37.1 ºC. On the other hand, the temperature in a subject can vary throughout the day, being a little lower at dawn and 0.5  ° C higher in the evening. During sleep the worst and regulates temperature tends to drop. In women the temperature rises half a degree in the second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. To maintain this temperature constant, there are multiple mechanisms, but are controlled by the hypothalamus, where the temperature control is centralized. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating the properties of the internal environment, such as salt concentration or temperature. The hypothalamus works similar to a home thermostat. When the temperature of the house is lower than that at which we set the thermostat, it starts heating until the temperature is equal to the desired. If the temperature of the house is greater than the set point, the heating stops the temperature drops. The hypothalamus measures the temperature in the hypothalamus itself, there are some neurons in the hypothalamus region which are sensitive to temperature. Besides the hypothalamus receives temperature information elsewhere in the body, especially the skin temperature, and this information will come from sensory nerve fibers sensitive to temperature. The hypothalamus compares the temperature in the hypothalamus and in the skin with the reference value of 37, if the body temperature is greater than 37 puts in place mechanisms to decrease, if you are under 37 makes it rise. When there is a discrepancy between the core temperature in the hypothalamus, and the skin temperature, for example if the temperature is higher than 37C (in) hypothalamus and (in) skin is (will be) less than 37, preferably taking the core temperature.

what high school is now :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High school is an ever-changing process. As I think back to my last three years of High School things like clothes, language, and even hairstyles have transformed. If in three years so much can change imagine, how much things have changed since our parents were in school. From â€Å"bell-bottoms† to â€Å"baggy jeansâ€Å", from â€Å"groovy† to â€Å"slamminâ€Å", and from the infamous â€Å"pompadour† to the now popular â€Å"buzz cutâ€Å". If these things are so different, I wonder how much other things have changed?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the biggest changes, since my parents were in high school, is the way birth control, sex educations, and sexual activity are looked at. When my mom was in high school a girl could not just go to a doctor and ask for the pill, she had to have parental consent. Nowadays anyone at any time can get some form of birth control whether it be condoms, birth control pills, etc. Sex education in my moms’ day was mainly used to tell kids about the fundamentals of sex. They did not expect the kids they were teaching it to were going to go out and have sex. Today it is taught to educate teens of the risks and repercussions of sex. Then there’s sex itself, in my moms day sex was not accepted like it is today. If you were a sexually active person you didn't tell anyone, especially if you were a girl. Because of television today and other forms of media sex is all over the place, therefore being pumped in to kids heads as acceptable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is another big topic when it comes to the changes over the last 35 years. When my mother was in high school people that smoked marijuana were not considered â€Å"cool† by the non-smokers. They were considered the outcasts and didn't associate much with the people who didn't use it. Presently, in high school, marijuana is more socially accepted and someone would not be cast out by his or her peers. I think it has a lot to do with the glamorization of it in the media today. Actors, musicians, and even comedians all talk about it like it’s fun and exciting to do. With this constant glorifying of marijuana in all these aspects it just becomes part of a teenagers everyday life. From Rock & Roll to Hip-Hop, Music has and will continue to be the biggest influence in teenage life.

Is Patriarchy the Main Cause of Gender Inequality?

This view is held by Radical feminists, they believe that patriarchy is society is the reason that women are oppressed and exploited by men, and Marxists for example hold the view that the capitalist system is the reason for the gender inequality. Feminists believe that women are unequal to men, and as a result society benefits men whilst exploiting men. Feminist investigate the effects that this inequality has on women’s power, status, roles and life chances.They believe that gender inequality is socially constructed an example is gender roles; these are taught to children at very young ages and encourage these gender inequalities to become part of society’s norms. The different type of feminists believe different reasons for gender inequality, there are liberal, radical Marxist and postmodern feminists, radical are arguably the most extreme and controversial feminist group. Radical feminist believe patriarchy has been socialised into society making it accepted, this r esults in the unequal gender inequality for women.People in society are taught male patriarchy through education, male dominance is enforced and a masculine view of the world is presented to children, this is shown through the gendered subjects and the teacher treatment of male and female students. They argue that male dominance has become accepted in society so much so that this leads to violence towards women being accepted in the home and on the streets. Radical feminists believe that men exploit and oppress women. They believe that the family plays a significant role in aiding this oppression, as women can be exploited by their male partners through abuse and the additional work they do.However, Marxist criticise radicals for generalising women’s experiences, women’s experiences vary greatly depending on their class, ethnicity and household type. If a women was from a middle class background she is more likely to suffer in the family, as it’s accepted that o nly the man works, bringing greater equality than if they both worked. Radical feminist are critics by liberals for failing to acknowledge any change to gender becoming more equal, for example car insurance since 2012 is now the same amount for both men and women, Radicals are often critiqued for having an ‘outdated’ look on gender inequality.Marxist feminists fundamentally believe unlike Radicals that women’s oppression is strongly linked to the capitalist system. They believe that women are exploited mainly at home and in the workforce, in the home they reproduce the next generation of workers whilst ensuring the stability of the current generation. This is illustrated through Ansleys study, which concluded that women are disadvantaged as they absorb the frustration and anger from husbands who are in turn exploited at work. The Patriarchy ideology present in society enables women to accept the inequality that’s present.Marxist acknowledge that there has been a shift in the male aspect of domestic and child care, however its women who still have to do the majority and are therefore the most disadvantaged. Women are more disadvantaged than men as they form the ‘ reserve labour army’ this means they work at cheaper rates and can be hired and fired much more freely than men, this also leads to women being more likely to partake in part time and shorter hour jobs, this encourages the dependency that women have upon men.However the reserve army of labour fails to acknowledge the gendered nature of jobs, it doesn’t explain why women are the reserve army. Radical feminist argue that Marxist feminists pay too little attention to patriarchy, the main cause of women’s oppression instead focus greatly on the capitalist system which could be seen as completely irrelevant ion terms of women’s inequality. Black feminists highlight that they ignore ethnic minority groups, and like Radicals categorise women’ s experiences into a common group.Postmodern feminists hold the view that there are a wide range of masculinities and felinities to pick and choose from in today’s society, therefore allowing women to choose the lifestyle they lead, this suggest that women don’t suffer they only chose to be unequal if they desire. This also suggests that patriarchal views aren’t necessarily held anymore, and if they are they have subsequently less impact as people can have more choice in society. They also believe that women’s oppression can’t be summed up into one common ground, every circumstance is greatly different.And they acknowledge that there are fundamental differences between women which will inevitably affect the choices they make. They believe that other forms of feminism are outdated and in some cases have a negative effect as they are making women unhappy with their lifestyles, instead of correcting the problems present in society they feel that femin ists particularly Radicals just highlight the problems. They hold the same opinions as Hakim in regards to feminism having a negative rather than positive effect on women.Hakim however believes that feminism has created myths about womens life, and argues like Postmodern feminism that feminism its having a negative effect on women, she believes that patriarchy isn’t the reason for gender inequality and in actual fact gender inequality is less prominent than feminist make it out to be. Hakim accuses feminist of inventing their own myths about women’s work attitudes and behaviour. She found there were five main myths about feminism. Some examples are women employment has been rising, and childcare is the main barrier preventing women competing fully with men, these myths clearly contradict feminist views.She also found that men and women do have different work orientation, and that it shouldn’t necessarily be seen as a negative thing, they just happen to be differ ent. She also believed another myth was that the gender turnover was different, she believes that men and women get paid the same regardless of sex, Marxist would strongly disagree as the women are only the reserve army of labour so therefore don’t earn as much as the breadwinning males. Half of two thirds of women hold traditional gender views, suggesting that overall women’s attitudes to work are weaker than men’s.However Ginn argues Hakims claims are oversimplified, and there are considerable gaps between groups. Women’s attitudes fluctuate and change over time and so the divisions can’t be fixed. Ginn also argues that Hakim also has no convincing explanation, she has just stated the problems not why they occur. Other reasons for women’s attitudes could be shaped by the wider social context; this could be influenced by the patriarchal system. Hakim suggests that women’s attitudes are changing but much slower than feminists think. D elamount also found weakness in Hakims argument, as she based her evidence on only one large scale survey.This presents numerous flaws as it wasn’t over a long period time span and the methods themselves could be incorrect, so the findings were very unlikely to represent the population as a whole. In conclusion, radical feminist believe patriarchy is the main reason for gender inequality. Marxist feminist however see the capitalist system as the reason for gender inequality. Hakim strongly disagrees that patriarchy is the reason for gender inequality and instead argues that childcare prevents women competing with men, particularly in the workplace.

International Business and mergers and acquisitions The WritePass Journal

International Business and mergers and acquisitions Essay question 2 International Business and mergers and acquisitions , imaa-institute.org/docs/ma/bearingpoint_01_avoiding%20post-merger%20blues.pdf Gaughan, P. A. (1991), Mergers and Acquisitions, HarperCollins, New York. Cartwright, S. and Schoenberg, R. (2006), Thirty Years of Mergers and Acquisitions Research: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities, British Journal of Management, vol. 1, issue S1, pp.S1–S5. Ghadar, F. and Ghemawat, P. (2000), The Dubious Logic of Global MegaMergers. Harvard Business Review. Graham, Edward M., and J. David Richardson, eds. (1997), Global Competition Policy, Institute for International Economics, Washington DC. Hill, C. (2010), International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace, (8th Edition) McGraw Hill, London. James, G. (2007), Lessons from Mega-mergers, CBS News, viewed April 27, 2012, cbsnews.com/8301-505125_162-51163246/lessons-from-the-mega-mergers/ Straub, T. (2007), Reasons for frequent failure in Mergers and Acquisitions: A comprehensive analysis, Deutscher Universitts-Verlag, Wiesbaden.

Free Essays on Third World Countries And Politics

Most of the world's population resides in - and the overwhelming percentage of that population's growth occurs in the incredible diversity of places we call the Third World." "Third world includes America's south of the United States; the whole of Africa; Asia apart from the Soviet Union, China and Japan; and the Oceanic Islands apart from Australia and New Zealand." Majority of these Third World countries is in complete poverty and due to that these countries face internal conflicts. The citizens of the Third World countries are facing many difficulties such as poverty uneven economic share in the world economy, and injustice. Hunger; lack of shelter, health care and the less advanced technology are major aspects of this worldwide dilemma. Many people die from starvation in smaller, underdeveloped countries, especially those in Africa. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm and clean water to keep their living areas hygie nic. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases break out and these diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Third world poverty has developed for various reasons. In general those are; lacking social security; lacking natural resources and nutrition; and having no financial stability. A third world country is economically depressed and continues to grieve. Most third world countries don't have social security or welfare. These countries cannot afford to support their citizens. Unemployment rates are extremely high and wages are drastically low. As a result, the people of those countries have no or insufficient income to keep themselves surviving. These extreme poverty situations could lead to hostile actions against the governments where governments are usually blamed for the problems. The effect of the decline in living standards in the poor countries increases potential for political violence as an impact on the government. "There h... Free Essays on Third World Countries And Politics Free Essays on Third World Countries And Politics Most of the world's population resides in - and the overwhelming percentage of that population's growth occurs in the incredible diversity of places we call the Third World." "Third world includes America's south of the United States; the whole of Africa; Asia apart from the Soviet Union, China and Japan; and the Oceanic Islands apart from Australia and New Zealand." Majority of these Third World countries is in complete poverty and due to that these countries face internal conflicts. The citizens of the Third World countries are facing many difficulties such as poverty uneven economic share in the world economy, and injustice. Hunger; lack of shelter, health care and the less advanced technology are major aspects of this worldwide dilemma. Many people die from starvation in smaller, underdeveloped countries, especially those in Africa. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm and clean water to keep their living areas hygie nic. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases break out and these diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Third world poverty has developed for various reasons. In general those are; lacking social security; lacking natural resources and nutrition; and having no financial stability. A third world country is economically depressed and continues to grieve. Most third world countries don't have social security or welfare. These countries cannot afford to support their citizens. Unemployment rates are extremely high and wages are drastically low. As a result, the people of those countries have no or insufficient income to keep themselves surviving. These extreme poverty situations could lead to hostile actions against the governments where governments are usually blamed for the problems. The effect of the decline in living standards in the poor countries increases potential for political violence as an impact on the government. "There h...

Members of the House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives There are 435 members of the House of Representatives. Federal law, passed on Aug. 8, 1911, determines how many members are in the House of Representatives. That measure raised the number of representatives to 435 from 391 because of population growth in the United States.   The first House of Representatives in 1789 had only 65 members. The number of seats in the House was expanded to 105 members after the 1790 Census, and then to 142 members after the 1800 headcount. The law that set the current number of seats at 435 took effect in 1913. But it isnt the reason the number of representatives has been stuck there. Why There Are 435 Members   Theres really nothing special about that number. Congress regularly increased the number of seats in the House based on the nations population growth from 1790 to 1913, and 435 is the most recent count. The number of seats in the House has not been increased in more than a century, though, even though every 10 years the census shows the population of the United States grows. Why the Number of House Members Hasnt Changed Since 1913 There are still 435 members of the House of Representatives a century later because of the  Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929, which set that number in stone. The Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929 was the result of a battle between rural and urban areas of the United States following the 1920 Census. The formula for distributing seats in the House based on population favored urbanized states and penalized smaller rural states at the time, and Congress could not agree on a reapportionment plan. After the 1910 census, when the House grew from 391 members to 433 (two more were added later when Arizona and New Mexico became states), the growth stopped. That’s because the 1920 census indicated that the majority of Americans were concentrating in cities, and nativists, worried about of the power of foreigners, blocked efforts to give them more representatives, wrote Dalton Conley, a professor of sociology, medicine and public policy at New York University, and Jacqueline Stevens, a professor of political science at Northwestern University. So, instead, Congress passed the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929 and sealed the number of House members at the level established after the 1910 census, 435. Number of House Members Per State Unlike the U.S. Senate, which consists of two members from each state, the geographic makeup of the House is determined by the population of each state. The only stipulation spelled out in the U.S. Constitution comes in Article I, Section 2, which guarantees each state, territory or district at least one representative. The Constitution also states that there can be no more than one representative in the House for every 30,000 citizens. The number of representatives each state gets in the House of Representatives is based on population. That process, known as reapportionment, occurs every 10 years after the decennial population count conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Rep. William B. Bankhead of Alabama, an opponent of the legislation, called the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929 an abdication and surrender of vital fundamental powers. One of the functions of Congress, which created the census, was to adjust the number of seats in Congress to reflect the number of people living in the United States, he said. Arguments for Expanding the Number of House Members Advocates  for increasing the number of seats in the House say such a move would increase the quality of representation by reducing the number of constituents each lawmaker represents. Each House member now represents about 700,000 people. The group ThirtyThousand.org argues that the framers of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights never intended for the population of each congressional district to exceed 50,000 or 60,000. The principle of proportionally equitable representation has been abandoned, the group argues. Another argument for increasing the size of the House is that is would diminish the influence of lobbyists. That line of reasoning assumes that lawmakers would be more closely connected to their constituents and therefore less likely to listen to special interests. Arguments Against Expanding the Number of House Members Advocates for shrinking the size of the House of Representatives often argue that the quality of legislating improves because House members would get to know each other on a more personal level. They also cite the cost of paying for salaries, benefits, and travel for not only the lawmakers but their staffs.

Developing individuals and teams ( CMI Level 3 Diploma) Assignment

Developing individuals and teams ( CMI Level 3 Diploma) - Assignment Example I believe that factors such as a clear communication of the objective to team members, frequent communication between team members, knowledge sharing, willingness to help each other, a high degree of engagement of team members with the team objective and able leadership contribute to the effectiveness of the team. Absence of these factors can make a team ineffective. Question 3 I believe that working as a team increases the probability of success and chances of achieving project objectives. Cross-functional knowledge sharing between team members increases the overall competency of a team. Working as a team creates the scope for team members to share knowledge through interactive communication and a diversity of ideas increases the level of creativity within the team. Every team member has a distinct competency and skill level and combinations of such team members creates the scope for the team to sail through a turbulent environment. ... I have successfully operated my role of a team coordinator while working with different teams, and I believe that my ability to adapt in difficult conditions has significantly helped me in such context. There were no such occasions while I was asked to work outside of your preferred role; hence it is not possible for me to answer these questions. Question 5 I believe a good team player should have the characteristics such as: 1) ability to respect other team members because without respecting opinions of other team members, it would not be able to trust the capacity of other team members, which can destroy the team objectives in the contingent period; 2) ability to coordinate with team members in fulfilling the project objectives because lack of coordination between team members can slow down the pace of project completion; and 3) ability to follow orders without asking unnecessary questions to authority because renouncing the direction of authority would increase disruption in the t eam. Question 6 In my team, a situational leadership model was followed and each of us had the chance to show leadership skills during the contingent period by exposing our skill set. Working in a democratic environment and encouraging team members to make decisions in the contingent period was the major strength of the situational leadership model. But, in some cases, absence of a particular leader had created chaos of ideas among team members. Part 2 Answer 1 Fitzsimons, James and Denyer (2011) and Pearce and Manz (2005) defined leadership as the ability of individuals to influence the thinking process of others and also move others in the direction of the very individual. Every institution needs good

Personal Development Plan (PDP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personal Development Plan (PDP) - Essay Example â€Å"A primary school teacher teaches children between the ages of 3 and 11 years† (Ahmed, 2010, para. 1). It is one of the core responsibilities of the primary teachers to do proper grooming of the children of the above-mentioned age. For this purpose, primary teachers apply their learned skills and knowledge in the behavioral and mental grooming of the children. Primary teachers make use of informal and friendly teaching methods to make the pupil learn (Hayes, 2009, p. 16). Primary school is the first place for parents or teachers who seek some kind of information related to teaching. Primary teachers educate the children the importance of getting good grades. The age of 6 to 12 is a very crucial age for the children and if they become aware of the importance of good grades at this point of time, they excel in their future by trying to achieve good grades in higher classes. Another responsibility of primary teachers is to create awareness among the children about the importance of good behavior. Teachers make the students know how they should deal with their friends and family members. They also teach them what are good behaviors and what characteristics make a person acceptable in a society. To enter into the profession of primary teaching, a person must possess some basic skills and knowledge. A primary teacher needs to have knowledge about different learning and teaching styles that he can use to teach the students. The people interested in the profession of primary teaching need to show the evidence of interpersonal abilities and leadership skills. â€Å"Teacher leadership is an inseparable part of a teachers daily life† (Can, 2010, para. 2). A primary teacher must be able to communicate effectively with both the students and the parents. He should have understanding of different stages of child development and the behaviors associated with those development

Strategic Analysis and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Analysis and Decision Making - Essay Example Such an ideal model of decision making also presumes that the decision maker is aware of all possible alternatives and that he or she decides subsequent to examining them all. A modern approach recognizes that decisions are made in an automatic, instinctive fashion. Specifically, image theory claims that people will take on a course of action that best fits their individual principles, current goals, and plans for the future. The decisions made in organizations can be distinguished as programmed -- routine decisions made according to preexisting guidelines -- or non-programmed -- decisions requiring novel and ingenious solutions. Decisions also are different with respect to the amount of risk involved, ranging from those in which the decision outcomes are moderately certain to those in which outcomes are extremely uncertain. Uncertain situations are expressed as statements of prospect based on either objective or subjective information. For the rational decision maker, the question is "What is the best answer" Rational decision analysis provides a precise method for choosing among alternatives based on their estimated values. The rational model requires the overt specification of the probabilities associated with choices and chances, as well as quantified payoffs for outcomes. For instance, consider the stock option decision tree given in figure 1.1. Here, an investor is considering buying an option on a stock with a current price of $100. The option itself has a price OP. There is a 50% chance that the stock's price will raise to $110, and a 50% chance that the price will fall to $95: - Current Stock Price = $100 - Option Price = OP - With P = .5, S = $110 - With P=.5, S = $95 The investor has two alternatives: Do not purchase the option (choice I), or purchase the option (choice II). Given the above assumptions concerning probabilities and payoffs, rational decision theory gives an exact method for ranking the alternatives. We calculate the expected value of an alternative as the product of its possibility and its payoff value. For the stock option case, we arrive at the following expected values. EV (I) = P (A) * V (A) = 1.0 * 0 = 0 EV (II) = P (B) * V (B) + P(C) * V(C) - OP = .5 * 10 + .5 * 0 - OP = 5 - OP The rational choice is to purchase the option if Option Price, OP, $5.We note that this approach formalizes just one aspect of the decision task, that is, choosing among the alternatives. The pattern does not provide exact methods for identifying problems or alternatives, nor for estimating those alternatives. The rationalization that results from this process is always the same: The choice has the highest estimated value. The rational decision maker does not abandon the trouble even if all outcomes have negative expected values. In that case, the decision maker selects for the "best worst" case. The model does not address the matter of generating additional alternatives. Still, rational

Research design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Research design - Essay Example The non-numeric definition of qualitative research identifies use of narrations to describe observations. Types of qualitative research include â€Å"field interviewing,† â€Å"focus groups,† â€Å"field observations,† and ethnography (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 57- 62). Qualitative research, according to Wimmer and Dominick (2013, p. 120), can also be defined as a research method that applies a â€Å"flexible questioning approach† data collection and analysis. Quantitative research, however, is a research method in which data collection and analysis involve numeric values. This identifies an objective approach to research in which data is measured on a scale. The objective scope of the research method also identify reliability and validity concepts, features of which qualitative research is devoid, for analysis of relationships between variables and description of variables (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 68). Application of â€Å"static or standardized set of questions† for data collection and data analysis also defines quantitative research (Wimmer and Dominick 2013, 120). Primary research is a research in which original data is collected and analyzed and its scope identifies knowledge development with such aims as bridging knowledge gap or solving an identified problem (Gratton and Jones 2010, p. 8). Examples of primary research therefore include research through interviews, focus groups, observation, and quantitative research methods such as tests and experiments and surveys. Secondary research, however, defines a research approach in which data is collected from existing sources such as periodicals and journals. The research explores existing knowledge and suitable for identifying and understanding existing knowledge and for identifying knowledge gaps of social problems (Collins 2010, p. 120). Application of secondary research, then survey, and lastly focus group, in a sequential order is the most

Google Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Google Company - Research Paper Example Google follows people-centric strategies that broadly cater to the varying demands of its users and rely on customer satisfaction. It integrates the use of technology with the business processes in order to optimize productivity. Its business strategy is basically focused on providing free access to information to a diverse populace. Advertising is its major source of revenue. Its three key products and services are AdSense, Google App and Android operating system for mobiles that have considerably contributed to its global sales volume and database of customers. AdSense facilitates advertisements for clients for widening their client base and Google App helps to organize personal and professional lives of users and helps them to communicate effectively. Android was launched in 2011 as a mobile-based platform for developing applications for mobiles which is now used by more than 250 million users worldwide (ar, 2012). Its organic culture and decentralized functioning hugely promote i ts business strategy and goals. It facilitates a constant learning environment for its employees and gives them full freedom to experiment with new ideas. They are highly driven by ethical standard, motivation to innovate and share knowledge across its various stakeholders and shareholders. Google not only offers huge opportunities for growth for its workforce but also for its customers to expand their business interests across the globe. Its state of the art research team is relentlessly working towards the development of creative products.... sements for clients for widening their client base and Google App helps to organize personal and professional lives of users and helps them to communicate effectively. Android was launched in 2011 as mobile-based platform for developing applications for mobiles which is now used by more than 250 million users worldwide (ar, 2012) Its organic culture and decentralized functioning hugely promote its business strategy and goals. It facilitates a constant learning environment for its employees and gives them full freedom to experiment with new ideas. They are highly driven by ethical standard, motivation to innovate and share knowledge across its various stakeholders and shareholders. Google not only offers huge opportunities of growth for its workforce but also for its customers to expand their business interests across the globe. Its state of the art research team is relentlessly working towards development of creative products and services to improve and improvise user experience and meet the challenges of time. Personal opinion With offices in more than 50 countries and providing services in more than 100 languages, I believe that Google has been successful in its mission of providing people with access to critical information cutting across age, gender, class, race, culture and border. Its global values and credibility of well-researched database helps its users to meet their demands timely and efficiently. Its applications and AdSense are very useful for small business, entrepreneurs and corporate houses for advertising business products and services across wider database of customers. They are important mechanisms of exploiting new opportunities of personal and professional growth. Their cloud based applications have also emerged as vital platforms for storing

Cryptology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cryptology - Essay Example Furthermore, the user of interconnected computers and breakthrough is file and system sharing, make personal information and data even more vulnerable to these threats. At this point cryptology fits in perfectly to address the above issues accordingly. At the base of all internet communication and data security lays cryptology that serves as the foundation to security and data authenticity. Cryptology ensures data and information confidentiality by ensuring in the event that the data in intercepted, the eavesdropper will not understand the content. In addition, Data authenticity is ensured and the message recipient is assured the message is from the correct sender. Finally cryptology ascertains data integrity by providing specific proof that the data or information received is not subject to an alteration by third party. The figure below demonstrates a basic outline of cryptography process (Koblitz 2004). Background Cryptology can be defined as the study of cryptosystems, is simply p ut understanding how to uniquely hide a document or relevant information in plain sight. Normally this involves using a secret encoding that only the intended recipient understands. In a nut shell, cryptography is trying to understand how to pass private information in a public arena which in this case in the internet. This study is further subdivided into two distinct yet similar fields. Cryptography involves the design, creation and implementation of cryptosystems (Bauer 2006). These are the codes and complex formulas used to hide the information before or during data transfer. In addition, cryptosystems also includes measures and mechanisms of incorporating digital signatures in documents. Digital systems basically act as proof of ownership of digital content otherwise susceptible to alterations. On the other hand, cryptology also deals with cryptanalyses which studies the decoding of cryptosystems. Research data analysis and outline Two basic methods were considered for the purp oses of this research. Quantitative research, where collected data is expressed in mathematical figures then evaluated for appropriate results, and qualitative which does not involve figures but rather experiences of participants and the actual data obtained from various sources. In this instance, qualitative analysis best suited thit type of research and was extensively applied. The primary data sources included case studies and direct observation of crypto systems at work. In addition, secondary sources such as books, library articles and the internet provided a reliable reference point. Literature review According to Bauer (2006) cryptography is a field of study where systems and data security meets the power of mathematical functions and equations. Based on his research, cryptology and by extension cryptography offers to the world of security engineering tools that underlie and form the basic and modern security protocols. Buchmann (2004) adds on this analogy through his researc h that offers an insight to cryptography and the techniques involved in cryptanalysis. According to him cryptography is a key to distributed systems security and modern day data integrity. Buchman argues that powerful as it may be, cryptology has often been misconstrued by experts because of the various malpractice associated with it. Cryptography has often been used in the wrong arena to protect the wrong information, and pass illegal messages throughout time. Another

Research design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Research design - Essay Example The non-numeric definition of qualitative research identifies use of narrations to describe observations. Types of qualitative research include â€Å"field interviewing,† â€Å"focus groups,† â€Å"field observations,† and ethnography (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 57- 62). Qualitative research, according to Wimmer and Dominick (2013, p. 120), can also be defined as a research method that applies a â€Å"flexible questioning approach† data collection and analysis. Quantitative research, however, is a research method in which data collection and analysis involve numeric values. This identifies an objective approach to research in which data is measured on a scale. The objective scope of the research method also identify reliability and validity concepts, features of which qualitative research is devoid, for analysis of relationships between variables and description of variables (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 68). Application of â€Å"static or standardized set of questions† for data collection and data analysis also defines quantitative research (Wimmer and Dominick 2013, 120). Primary research is a research in which original data is collected and analyzed and its scope identifies knowledge development with such aims as bridging knowledge gap or solving an identified problem (Gratton and Jones 2010, p. 8). Examples of primary research therefore include research through interviews, focus groups, observation, and quantitative research methods such as tests and experiments and surveys. Secondary research, however, defines a research approach in which data is collected from existing sources such as periodicals and journals. The research explores existing knowledge and suitable for identifying and understanding existing knowledge and for identifying knowledge gaps of social problems (Collins 2010, p. 120). Application of secondary research, then survey, and lastly focus group, in a sequential order is the most

Cryptology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cryptology - Essay Example Furthermore, the user of interconnected computers and breakthrough is file and system sharing, make personal information and data even more vulnerable to these threats. At this point cryptology fits in perfectly to address the above issues accordingly. At the base of all internet communication and data security lays cryptology that serves as the foundation to security and data authenticity. Cryptology ensures data and information confidentiality by ensuring in the event that the data in intercepted, the eavesdropper will not understand the content. In addition, Data authenticity is ensured and the message recipient is assured the message is from the correct sender. Finally cryptology ascertains data integrity by providing specific proof that the data or information received is not subject to an alteration by third party. The figure below demonstrates a basic outline of cryptography process (Koblitz 2004). Background Cryptology can be defined as the study of cryptosystems, is simply p ut understanding how to uniquely hide a document or relevant information in plain sight. Normally this involves using a secret encoding that only the intended recipient understands. In a nut shell, cryptography is trying to understand how to pass private information in a public arena which in this case in the internet. This study is further subdivided into two distinct yet similar fields. Cryptography involves the design, creation and implementation of cryptosystems (Bauer 2006). These are the codes and complex formulas used to hide the information before or during data transfer. In addition, cryptosystems also includes measures and mechanisms of incorporating digital signatures in documents. Digital systems basically act as proof of ownership of digital content otherwise susceptible to alterations. On the other hand, cryptology also deals with cryptanalyses which studies the decoding of cryptosystems. Research data analysis and outline Two basic methods were considered for the purp oses of this research. Quantitative research, where collected data is expressed in mathematical figures then evaluated for appropriate results, and qualitative which does not involve figures but rather experiences of participants and the actual data obtained from various sources. In this instance, qualitative analysis best suited thit type of research and was extensively applied. The primary data sources included case studies and direct observation of crypto systems at work. In addition, secondary sources such as books, library articles and the internet provided a reliable reference point. Literature review According to Bauer (2006) cryptography is a field of study where systems and data security meets the power of mathematical functions and equations. Based on his research, cryptology and by extension cryptography offers to the world of security engineering tools that underlie and form the basic and modern security protocols. Buchmann (2004) adds on this analogy through his researc h that offers an insight to cryptography and the techniques involved in cryptanalysis. According to him cryptography is a key to distributed systems security and modern day data integrity. Buchman argues that powerful as it may be, cryptology has often been misconstrued by experts because of the various malpractice associated with it. Cryptography has often been used in the wrong arena to protect the wrong information, and pass illegal messages throughout time. Another

Social Dimensions of Child Abuse in KSA Essay Example for Free

Social Dimensions of Child Abuse in KSA Essay First of all, I wish to laud you for having tackled these important aspects of the problem you wish to do research on: You have an excellent grasp of long-term outcomes, policy changes (p. 7) Acknowledging that some baseline research has already been done (p. 5) Difficulties (p. 6), really Limitations which you must address by recommending suitable methodology Research objectives (p. 6) May I suggest you restructure in this fashion? INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND One paragraph on â€Å"why should we be concerned about child abuse?† One long paragraph on historical prevalence (cite authoritative sources, including those that have parallels to the domestic/family/society practices in KSA). One (long) paragraph on the moral and policy framework espoused by international organizations (e.g. UNICEF?) The child abuse prevalence, social philosophy and policy framework in selected countries (It is good to cite the U.S. but are there others? Notably Muslim ones?) Please consider moving the sentence at the bottom of page 3 here. It’s an effective recap. REVIEW OF LITERATURE You have ten references lined up in the bibliography.   Why not do justice to your research by summarizing what you’ve found in them?   Perhaps in this sequence? Prevalence of child abuse in KSA and other Muslim societies Types of child abuse committed in KSA Why it may be under-reported. (This is where the current content of â€Å"Difficulties of the study† really belongs. Cite sources.) The social factors behind child abuse Social, religious and policy support for combating child abuse in KSA. What legal support is there for intervening in domestic cases of child abuse, for treating both abuser and victim?   In any society, physicians would be hamstrung if laws did not exist to mandate reporting of abuse and penalties for offenders.   Everybody would just sweep things under the rug. How victims are aided/helped and offenders treated What information gaps still exist? IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Then you’d bring in the pioneering role of KFSHRC here to affirm that some organization is doing something about child abuse but (point G. above) there remain information gaps that must be addressed if effective remedial measures are to be proposed. RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROPER Research Objectives Revise, expand or tone down according to what you have already found in Review of Literature above. 4th bullet point: replace â€Å"volume† with â€Å"incidence† or â€Å"prevalence† 5th and 6th bullet points: move to â€Å"OUTCOMES† below Consider taking out the 7th point, this involves you in doing longitudinal studies. Last bullet point: please consider re-writing to make it more specific or measurable, e.g., â€Å"Formulating – via professional consensus – a structured process for resolution, therapy and general management of abuse patients and offenders†¦.† Type of Study Considering the ticklish social situation you speak about, please think about augmenting your methodology with qualitative methods, e.g., focus groups, depth interviews and projective techniques. Target Respondents The seven points you made at the top of page 6 work better here to help shape your considerations (or rationale) for tackling different types of respondents and the data-gathering approach suitable for each one. Consider adding educators to your sample.   Not all child abuse cases result in physical trauma and not all traumas are reported to pediatricians either.   Do you have something like social welfare workers in KSA?   They might be a good source, too. Study Instruments Under Questionnaire, â€Å"This questionnaire consists of several parts† I think what you really mean is that you plan to create different versions depending on whether you’re interviewing physicians, parents, abused children or adults who can tell you about having been maltreated as children.   I believe you want to tread carefully about promising to interview abused children, this is one of the most challenging â€Å"discovery/disclosure† type of sessions counselors have to undertake. OUTCOMES This is where your statements on pages 6 and 7 belong. Your situation strikes me as one of advocacy, i.e., you want to provide a firmer basis for recognizing the problem, for professionals to take action and for government to provide legislative support.   You might also co-opt Sharia, if Koranic law has anything to say about child abuse. A FINAL NOTE: I’m not sure what â€Å"missing paragraphs† you allude to, that’s why I sent the earlier message.   The way we work, in any case, supplemental writing would be covered by filing a second order of the â€Å"Edit† type.   This is a â€Å"Review† order.   Good luck.   Hope all the above have helped.

The Low Cost Airline Air Asia

The Low Cost Airline Air Asia The low-cost concept became a moneymaker in the United States, where it was pioneered in the 1970s by Southwest Airlines, the model for budget carriers elsewhere like Ryanair and easyJet in Europe. Definition of low cost airlines A low cost airline generally has many features that differentiate it from the traditional carriers. These features include ticketless travel, online ticket sales, no international offices, no frequent flyer points, no free food and beverages, no inflight magazines, no club lounges, use of secondary city airports. Not all low cost airlines have these features, and not all airlines that have some of these features are low cost airlines. For example, Virgin Express is a low cost airline, but it still offers complimentary coffee and inflight magazine, and they are based at Brussels primary airport. Case Study-AirAsia Story of AirAsia Air Asia, as the second Malaysian National Airline, provides a totally different type of service in line with the nations aspirations to benefit all citizens and worldwide travellers. Such service takes the form of a no frills low airfares flight offering, 40%-60% lower than what is currently offered in this part of Asia. Their vision is Now Everyone Can Fly and their mission is to provide Affordable Airfares without any compromise to Flight Safety Standards. The story of emergence of AirAsia is similar to Ryanair, since both carriers underwent a remarkable transformation from a money-losing regional operator to a profitable, low cost airline. AirAsia was initially launched in 1996 as a full-service regional airline offering slightly cheaper fares than its main competitor, Malaysia Airlines. Before 2001, AirAsia fail to either sufficiently stimulate the market or attract enough passengers from Malaysia Airlines to establish its own niche market. The turnaround point of AisAsia is in 2001, while it was up to sale and bought by Tony Fernandes. Tony Fernandes then enrolled some of the lending low-cost airline experts to restructure AirAsias business model. He invited Connor McCarthy, the former director of group operation of Ryanair, to join the executive team. In late 2001, AirAsia was re-launched in Malaysia as a trendy, no-frills operation with three B737 aircraft as a low-fare, low-cost domestic airline. Opportunities faced by AirAsia in light of external development Low fare of Indonesia-Malaysia trip The fare for a Jakarta-Johor Baru trip costs Rp 100,000 (RM 88.88 one way). And charge Rp 150,000 for a Bandung-Kuala Lumpur flight, and Rp 300,000 for a Surabaya-Kuala Lumpur trip, whereas a Jakarta-Kuala Lumpur air ticket from Malaysia Airlines available at travel agents cost Rp 1.4 million. Meanwhile, Lion Air on the same route, charged Rp 1.05 million. The low fare provided by AirAsia helps it open the Indonesia market. Low fare of Singapore-Bangkok service AirAsia will increase its services between Singapore Bangkok by introducing a 2nd daily flight to its existing schedule. This recent development came barely a month after Thai AirAsia operations started its first international flight to Singapore in early February this year. AirAsia is offering its guests promotional fares to/from Singapore- Bangkok from SGD$23.99 (THB 499) one way from the 28th March to 30th Oct, 2004. It is much lower than the lowest fare SGD$56 offered by full-service carrier. This helps it open the Singapore market. Political connections AirAsia hold 49% of Thai AirAsia with 1% being held by a Thai individual. The remaining 50% is held by Shin Corp. which is owned by the family of Thailands prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra. Shin Corp. has financial strength, synergy in ingormation technology and telecommunications, which support AirAsia Internet and mobile phone bookings. Shin Corp. allows subscribers of the Shin mobile phone flagship, Advanced Information Service, being able to reserve tickets through its short-messaging service (SMS). AirAsia with its politically powerful backer may well grow up to bite. This helps it open the Thailand market. Malaysian government support The Malaysian government supported the establishment of AirAsia in 2001 to help boost the under-used Kuala Lumpur International Airport. AirAsias flights from Senai are meant to develop Johor into a transport hub to rival Singapore. AirAsia, therefore, can provide an alternative route to travel to Bangkok, by using Senai Airport in Johor Bahru, in southern Malaysia. Opportunities faced by AirAsia in light of internal development Issue of IPO Kamarudin Meranun, AirAsias Executive Director announced the appointment of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) and RHB Sakura Merchant Bankers (RHB) as the bookrunners for the companys upcoming Initial Public Offering (IPO). The IPO strengthens AirAsia balance sheet, further cuts its existing low costs at 2.5 US cents per ASK and accelerates our growth plans throughout Asia. The IPO also allows AirAsia to expand its fleet of 18 Boeing 737-300s. Political connections Thai AirAsia is a join venture established by AirAsia with Shin Corp. Shin Corp. is owned by the family of Thailands prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, and about 900 million baht will be invested in Thai AirAsia over a five-year period. Shin Corp. oversees the finance and administration of Thai AirAsia while AirAsia shoulders the responsibility for marketing and operations. Shin Corp. has financial strength and supports AirAsia to grow. AirAsia with its politically powerful backer may well grow up to bite. Challenges faced by AirAsia in light of external development Indonesian habit Preferences of Indonesian passengers are quite different from the concept of cheap air travel without extra service for the passengers (free snacks and drinks), and also their reluctance to bring light baggage. AirAsia prefers passengers with very light and minimum baggage. If this is the case, it may not last long. But Indonesian domestic airline companies are able to provide value-added extras like food and beverages as part of their service to the passengers, although at a relatively higher cost. The comparative edge of Indonesian domestic airline companies compared to AirAsia concerns habit (culture). Furthermore, Indonesian domestic airlines were already trained with the low-cost air travel concept, known as tariff war. They have proved themselves as immune, and managed to survive. Last but not least, the Indonesian government or domestic airline companies had never announced the availability of a low-cost airline company of the country. All these affect AirAsia growth in Indonesia. Singapore government rejection Initially, AirAsia wanted to start flights from the southern state of Johor, near Singapore, it hoped to attract passengers by running a convenient bus service to the city-state. However, Singapore quickly quashed that idea. The Singapore government said it would not approve a bus link for AirAsia because it was not in her national interest, reflecting fears that Singapores Changi airport would lose business to Johors new Senai airport. This makes AirAsia cannot abandon the use of Changi airport, and therefore suffer from a higher cost. This is because AirAsia flying to Singapore needs to suffer from flight congestion of Changi. Changi has drawbacks of flight congestion that could prevent the quick turnarounds essential to keeping down costs. AirAsia finds it stuck between big planes and circling to wait for a slot to open up, which means extra fuel costs. Moreover, the SGD$21 departure and security tax of Changi is too high for AirAsia low-cost operation. AirAsia had asked the Singapore government to waive the fees, however, a request that was not only rejected but also criticized. Besides Singapore Bangkok, AirAsia now provides an alternative route to travel to Bangkok, by using Senai Airport in Johor Bahru, in southern Malaysia. Seeking to cater to the different markets, fares for Johor Bahru- Bangkok are generally 20 % lower in comparison to Singapore Bangkok. AirAsia currently operate daily flights to Bangkok from Johor Bahru. However, the choice proved unpopular, as the route failed to attract Singaporeans because of the additional cost and inconvenience of having to travel in and out of Malaysia by road. All these affect AirAsia external growth. Minimum air-fare rates AirAsia faces challenges finding open takeoff and landing slots at opportune times, and Thailands regulation that sets minimum air-fare rates. Although Transport Minister Suriya Jungrungreangkit said the current minimum air-fare regulations will be scrapped to open up the market, he couldnt name a date when this will be done. This seems to be favoritism toward Thai Airways Internationals domestic operations, and affects Thai AirAsia to compete in the Thailand market. External Changes which have impact on AirAsia Asias middle class growth Low cost airlines are anticipated to have greater potential in Asia as there are many Asian cities with a population above one million people each as well as a rising middle class population. This growth of middle class in Asia provides a huge market potential for AirAsia to grow. However, as the market is becoming larger, more airlines or new comers would like to get a piece of the action. For example, Budget airlines, it is estimated, will capture at least 25% of Asias air travel market within next 10 years and a lot of that will be new, not diverted, traffic. Therefore, AirAsia will face more competitions at the same time. Besides the low cost airlines, AirAsia still needs to compete with the conventional carriers. Although extra passengers of the low cost airlines will be coming from the new demand to be created by the low fares, the growth may not be entirely stolen from big flag carriers. Actions of Changi and nearby airports The growth of low cost airlines in south-east Asia has a significant effect on which airports will dominate the regional aviation market. Low cost airlines are seen as helping funnel more passengers to airport hubs. Therefore, there is a realization among regional governments that they need smashing airports and feisty carriers or they are going to miss out big time. Therefore, these governments are more willing to support low cost airlines. For example, the Malaysian government supported the establishment of AirAsian in 2001 to help boost the under-used Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and Thai premiers Shin Corp. forms a join venture with AirAsia that would benefit Bangkoks new airport and create a new hub at Chiang Mai. Therefore, under this situation, it helps AirAsia grow in Asia. Moreover, as there is a growth of several south-east Asian airports, this poses a challenge to the status of Singapores Changi airport as a regional aviation hub. These airports include Johors new Senai airport in southern Malaysia, Bangkoks new Suvarnabhumi airport which will be able to handle 45 million passengers when it opens in 2005, Bangkok Don Muang which recently overtook Changi in passenger numbers, etc. To maintain Changis position as the air hub in the region, Singapore is proposing a budget airline terminal at Changi by 2005 and lower passenger taxes to attract low cost airlines. This helps AirAsia grow and lower the cost. Actions of existing airlines The existing airlines in south-east Asia have several actions to compete with AirAsia, for example, some have launched a low cost airline to fight with AirAsia. Singapore Airlines launched a low cost airline subsidiary, Tiger Airways, in the second half of 2003, only months after the scheduled launch of ValuAir set up by one of its former executives. Orient Thai Airlines launched a new low cost airline subsidiary, One-To-Go. One-To-Go operates with a fleet of six Boeing 757-200s and match any fares that Thai AirAsia offers. Thai Airways have frequency and capacity to offer to their 13 domestic destinations. They also have, during the past two years, worked to improve operational efficiency, slashing unprofitable domestic routes, increasing flights on busy routes, strengthening yield management and controlling costs. All these make AirAsia face a huge competition. Critical success factors in the Low cost airlines in Asia Reduction in operational cost Low cost airlines strive to achieve the lowest possible price for their products and services. Low prices cannot sustain unless the company maximizes its operational efficiency. The success factors of Asian low cost airlines in reducing their operational cost include: Service savings (no frills cabin service and extensive use of outsourcing) NO-frills include: NO drinks, NO food, NO headphones, NO newspapers, NO movies, NO VIP lounges, NO expensive offices, NO mileage programs, NO seat allocation, NO childrens fares, NO paper tickets (Electronic tickets only), NO connecting flights (All flight-legs must be booked independently) Operational savings (point-to-point services and uniform fleet) Overhead savings (internet sales and streamlined bureaucracy) We can compare the operational cost in terms of costs per available seat kilometer (ASK), a measure of the running cost of the airline. For instance, Ryanair in Europe is almost half of the ASK price comparing with the full services airline. The average fare offered by Air Asia in Malaysia is 40-60 % lower than its full-service competitor. Competitive Ticket price against traditional full-service airline Low cost airlines begins with two initial cost advantages arising from the very nature of their operation: higher seating density and higher daily aircraft utilization. By removing business class and reconfiguring their aircraft, low cost airlines can increase the number of seats on their aircraft. Seat pitch of a low cost airline is usually 28 inches, compared to a traditional conventional economy class pitch with 32 inches. Doganis (2001) calculates that should be able to operate at seat cost that are only 40-50 % those of mainline rival. Combining the load factor benefit and beneficial distribution cost, low cost airlines cost per passenger can reduce price by one-third of conventional airline. Flying out of secondary airports Many low-cost airlines keep expenses down by flying out of secondary airports, avoiding major hubs where takeoff and landing fees are much higher while still getting passengers close enough to their destinations. The travel distance is short As the routes offered by low cost airlines are mainly short, domestic routes which may only take one to two hours, travellers might be fine with no amenities on flights Success factors in AirAsia Absolute Cost Advantage Low cost per average seat kilometer AirAsia focused on ensuring a competitive cost structure as its main business strategy. It has been able to achieve a cost per average seat kilometer (ASK) of 2.5 cents, half that of Malaysia Airlines and Ryanair and a third that of EasyJet. AirAsia can lease the B737-300s aircraft at a very competitive market rates due to the harsh global market conditions for the second-hand aircrafts because of the September 11th event in 2001. On the other hand, the operating cost of the company is also dropped drastically. Low distribution cost AirAsia focus on Internet bookings and ticketless travel allowed it to lower the distribution cost. Attractive ticket price With the average fare being 40-60 % lower than its full-service competitor, AirAsia has been able to achieve strong market stimulation in the domestic Malaysian air market (Thomas 2003). For instance, the fare for the trip from Kuala Lumpur to Penang on AirAsia starts from 39 ringgit. Comparing to trip by bus charge 40 ringgit and 80 ringgit by car. The effect of attractive low fare is more travelers switching from bus to air, similar case as Ryanair in Europe. Good Management Team AirAsia value proposition is more sophisticated than Ryanair placing equal emphasis on brand reputation and customer service/people management, by a senior advisor to AisAsias top management team. AirAsia pursue a Ryanair operational strategy, Southwest people strategy and an Easyjet branding strategy. Weakness Fair availability The availability of AirAsia is not good as traditional airline as it only provide unique aircraft. However, it cannot be the cost leader if it offers customized features or comprehensive support which will result in increasing operational cost. However, focus on a specific customer may avoid straddling. Case of straddling A Japanese low cost airline, Skymark, trying to be everything to everyone targeting the broader customer and offering limited special features (satellite TV, Business class and charter operations). The result is failing to both cost efficient and price competitive rendering it vulnerable to market forces and customer demand (porter1996; Lawton 1999). Major strategic directions recommended Open more Asian market Low cost airlines are anticipated to have greater potential in Asia as there are many Asian cities with a population above one million people each as well as a rising middle class population. It is time for AirAsia to exploit the potentials of affordable air travel by Asias growing middle class. Besides starting services to the Pearl River Delta in south China in 2004, AirAsia can expend its services to the coastal cities in China. Besides the growth of Asian middle class, the liberalization of aviation sector of India is another reason for AirAsia to open more Asian market. The Indian government has liberalized the aviation sector long dominated by the national carriers. Now, only a few low cost airlines, e.g. Air Deccan, Airone Feeder Airline Pvt Ltd, Crescent Air, have launched their services there. Moreover, the national carriers, Indian Airlines or Air India, despite their domination of the Indian skies, do not seem to be much interested in operating low-cost services. Therefore, it is a good chance for AirAsia to open the Indian market. Join venture with Virgin Group AirAsia should put more effort to set up a pan-Asian low cost airline with Virgin Blue, which is a low cost carrier of Virgin Group serving Australia and New Zealand mainly. Virgin Blue has suggested it may extend services to south-east Asia. Therefore, setting up a join venture with Virgin Blue can help AirAsia to grow in Asia even further, and help Virgin Blue to extend services to south-east Asia. Recommendations to maximize competitive advandages of AirAsia 1. Enforce Political advantages AirAsia established a join venture, Thai AirAsia with Shin Corp. Shin Corp. is owned by the family of Thailands prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, and about 900 million baht will be invested in Thai AirAsia over a five-year period. Shin Corp. has financial strength, synergy in ingormation technology and telecommunications, which support AirAsia to grow in Thailand. AirAsia with its politically powerful backer can well grow up to bite, and therefore it should enforce such political advantages in order to extend the growth in Thailand. Furthermore, AirAsia should use its Thai subsidiary, Thai AirAsia, to claim the use of Thailands open skies agreements to fly to Singapore, Brunei and Cambodia, overcoming the barrier of bilateral aviation pacts that threatened to limit its growth. Induction of smart cards AirAsia can issue a smart card which is compatible with the existing ticketless booking. It can offer 2 kinds of smart cards. The first kind of smart card, aimed at ordinary travellers, will offer instant rewards when topped up, offering greater value than its purchase price. For example a Bt5,000 card may be worth Bt5,500. The card can also be used by other people with the same family name as the cardholder. The second kind of smart card will offer unlimited travel for frequent flyers. Priced provisionally at Bt20,000, cardholders will be allowed make as many trips as they want within a specified period. Conclusion A study by the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (2002) confirms that Asia continues to offer attractive conditions for the air transportation industry. With thirteen out of worlds top twenty-five major urban centres located in the Asia Pacific region and a rapidly increasing urbanization trends, the Asian air travel market is bound to continue to grow. Urbanization is highlighted as one of the key drivers for the growth in air travel. It is estimated that Asia would account for 30% of the world market by 2019, or one third of growth between now and then. While the impact of SARS is going to slow down the growth of Asian regional demand, the long-run forecast continues to be very positive. These enable low cost airlines to grow even further.

Interpersonal Relationships In Swamp Angel and Fifth Business Essay

Interpersonal Relationships In Swamp Angel and Fifth Business In the novel Swamp Angel the main character, Maggie, asserts that "swimming is like living , it is done alone". This is, in fact, a very telling statement with respect to the life of both Maggie and the life of Dunstan, the main character in the novel The Fifth Business. Maggie's comparison of life to swimming raises interesting points about the way in which each of the two characters proceed along the road of life. Maggie's statement is actually a simile which compares swimming alone to living life. In most cases a simile is used to take certain characteristics of one entity and to bestow them upon another entity in which they are not usually found. Maggie's comparison of swimming alone to life is no different. It is generally held, in modern society, that life is a journey that is made with the help of others. Intimate interpersonal relationships are viewed as support systems in life. Many people view these relationships as that which makes life worth living. Maggie's statement directly refutes these claims. When one is swimming alone there is no one to rely on for safety and guidance. The owness of survival, in essence not drowning, falls squarely upon the shoulders of the swimmer alone. Maggie's comparison leads one to believe that the same is true for life. In life , as in swimming alone, one should rely only on oneself for survival. Maggie's comparison of life and swimming alone, and all that it implies, can easily be viewed as the personal motto that both Maggie and Dunstan live by. Each character is very strong willed and independent as one would expect. Anyone who lives life alone would have to be both of these. the characters also sha... ...stan to be less of a man and in turn himself to be the greater man. Through analyzing the personal relationships of both Maggie and Dunstan many similarities can be found. Both characters display a pattern of maintaining relationships which lack depth. that is to say that the relationships never reach an emotional level where intimacy is evident. I also becomes evident that both characters pride themselves on independence. Neither character is willing to lean on another person , as this is viewed as weakness. If these characters can be viewed as spokespeople for Ethel Wilson and Robertson Davies it would seem as though both authors would agree with Maggies statement that "swimming is like living, it is done alone". This statement is defiantly applicable to both characters but it seems dangerous to assume that the characters are representative of the authors.

What Is An American? :: essays research papers

What was an American?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western Europeans came to America to start new lives, with new laws, a new social system but all in all to become new men. In contrast African emigrants were brought to America to tend to the needs of the settlers from Europe. They were brought over to be slaves. Each of these views are views of St Jean de Crevecoeur and Fredrick Douglass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  St Jean de Crevecoeur, was an emigrant of Europe. Crevecoeur, had no desire to go back to the land in which his forefathers had lived. He was going to a more diverse way of living â€Å"where all races melted into new race of man.† (pg 308) He believed America was a place to go to be a free man, â€Å"who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, that he receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he hold.†(pg 308) Crevecoeur knew that his life as a new man would entail new ideas and new opinions. Hoping that the new laws protect him, â€Å"from involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury and useless labor, he has passed to tolls of very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence.† (pg 308) Crevecoeur lived the life of a free man in which he was paid for his labors, he owned land and was a farmer. His view of an American, â€Å"is a new man, who acts upo n new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions.† (pg 308)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fredrick Douglass, was an African American and owned by an American. He was taken care of in his early years by his grandmother and grandfather. Slave children were children they could play and do what most children would do. The only fear as a child was being seperated from his grandmother. Throughout, Douglass’s life he taught himself to read and to write. He became a knowledgeable man, which help him to succeed in being a free. However, Douglass did go through the trials and tribulations of being a slave. He went through the sleepless and hungry nights, and lashings. â€Å"Make a man a slave, and you rob him of moral responsibility.† (pg 191) When Douglass describes America he describes the beauties of nature and then the horrors of being a slave. â€Å"When I remembeer that all is cursed with the infernal spirit of slaveholding, robbery and wrong.

Medias role in religous conflicts

Media plays a vital role in our daily lives as it influences the way we view certain situations that are taking place in the world. Media can be used as a powerful weapon for propagation to the masses or as an essential tool to help us understand. It also helps us to objectively view a current situation. We also need to remember that most media coverage is meant to inform us about current situations while still being objective.This is to avoid offending anybody which is a good thing but we need o be cautious as this could also mean that the media is with-holding vital Information that could give us a greater understanding of the situation. I have chosen the Issue of the massacre of the Rollway Muslims by the Manner Buddhists in Burma. The conflict started when three Muslim men allegedly raped and murdered a Buddhist girl. 3 days later a mob set upon a bus riding through western Manner and ten Muslim victims were beaten In a frenzy and then urinated upon before the bus was set ablaze .Even though the accused rapists were already sentenced to jail. Now that we understand what happened, the reasoned It happened, and how it happened we automatically feel an Instinct to choose a side. This Is a sign of our dependence on the media. After reading various articles on the matter, the newspaper headlines alone tell me a great deal about the way the article has been written. From world Silent as Muslim Massacre Goes on In Manner† â€Å"We should either kill all the Salary in Burma or banish them otherwise Buddhism will cease to exist†.So the headlines we read are all sculptured by the author's views and so our views re also sculptured. For example I am going to explain two ways in which we can be manipulated by the media with reference to my topic Use of words In the last title you see the use of the word â€Å"salary† this word Is a racial slur used to slander the Raying Muslims. It is used openly in many forms of media and by predominant leaders in M anner. This shows us that there has previously been heightened levels of resentment towards the presence of Muslims in Manner society on a much wider scale.We need to understand the reasons for this resentment if we wish to be objective. Also, the use of adjectives in the source will give you a hint that the author of the source is being biased. This means that the author is being personal and if you are trying to be objective you cannot base your views on the views of others you need facts. An example of this is newspaper articles, magazines. Radio talk shows or government owned news coverage these are all forms of personal and biased people's views.The Information Given 1 OFF sentence highlighted in yellow and did not include the sentence highlighted in green or red. Your view on the situation would have been completely different. That is not just a magic trick that I'm showing you for your amusement. This is exactly how the media controls the way we think, they with-hold informat ion to insure a certain reaction from the masses. For example the Raying Muslims are refugees placed in Manner by the I-JNI. What does this tell you?The Manner Buddhists could've been xenophobic due to the fact that they are afraid of losing their religious heritage and ethnic culture. Also the government would have to now fund the inhabitance of the effuses so the Buddhist would have to pay more taxes. This also shows us that the Muslims were discriminated against for various reasons before the massacre took place, various forms such as racial and religious discrimination. They were also victims of countless attempts of ethnic cleansing by the MILITARY, so it was approved by government, meaning that discrimination against Muslims is an open thing in Manner.The information highlighted in red makes it very clear that there was a great deal of miscommunication, which is another form of media as word of out is also a form of media so we need to understand that yes the raping of the lit tle girl would cause a stir in any society BUT it was clearly not known that the rapists were already persecuted therefore causing the Buddhist to attack the Muslims. My conclusion I am not defending the Buddhists either as they attacked a bus full of innocent bystanders so in no way are they innocent. This shows us how important it is to be an independent thinker and how easy it is to become a victim of propaganda.Choosing a side makes us blind and ignorant to the errors committed by the ones we whose to follow. The media produced by the Burmese government was very much manipulated in order to protect the integrity of their politicians and the worlds view of Burma . The UN has stated before that the Muslims in Manner are one of the most oppressed ethnic groups in the world at that time yet it still insisted on sending refugees to that country The Muslim men who raped that girl should be sentenced to death by public execution as there is no excuse for such an act. These are my opini ons regarding the matter that I have researched